In Tinbergen's (1951) terminology, if we try to understand the "why" of behavior by studying how the brain functions, we are looking for a(n) __________ explanation.

physiological
ontogenetic
evolutionary
functional

A philosopher who maintains that mind and body can exist independently of each other is known as a __________.

dualist
monist
mentalist
materialist

The first reports that one can cause muscle movements by electrically stimulating the cerebral cortex came in the

1950's, when neurosurgeons used electrical current to treat cases of severe epilepsy.
1870's in research on dogs.
1940's, when a biopsychologist accidentally dropped a radio in the bathtub while his wife was taking a bath.
1920's in an experiment by John Watson on "little Albert".

Under what circumstances, if any, are experiments performed on electrical stimulation of the human brain?

during surgery for relief of epilepsy or other medical disorders
scientific investigators experimenting on themselves
experiments on prisoners who get consideration for parole in return for their participation
No such experiments are ever conducted, since it would be unethical to use such techniques on humans.

Most biological psychologists

believe that all life is equally valuable, and that any animal has the same rights as any human.
will avoid using animals for any research involving painful procedures, unless it is intended to directly benefit the animal.
would like to abolish animal experimentation, and use computer simulation techniques, instead.
use animal subjects only if they believe that the potential benefits to humans outweigh the costs to the animals.

The size of the areas of the brain in a songbird that are responsible for singing is most directly controlled by

the amount of protein in the diet.
hormone levels.
the bird's previous opportunity to practice singing.
the population density of the species.

What typically happens if an experimenter damages the song-control brain areas of an adult female bird?

She reduces her singing, but still sings the song normal to her species.
She sings her species' song continuously and is unable to stop or inhibit singing.
She no longer recognizes the song of her species.
She begins to sing the songs of other species of birds.

Which of the following philosophical positions would be considered a dualist position?

materialism
interactionism
emergent property position
identity position

The philosophical view of the mind-brain relationship that seems to be the most popular with the general public, yet the least popular with philosophers and neuroscientists is the __________ view.

materialist
dualist
identity
emergent property

An adult male sparrow will sing its normal song

if it had sufficient practice of the song during the sensitive period prior to sexual maturity.
if it is the first song it hears when young.
if it hears the song during a sensitive period early in his life, even if he cannot practice the song at the time.
regardless of whether or not it has ever heard its song from another bird.

In Tinbergen's (1951) terminology, a biological explanation that describes how a structure or behavior develops would be called a(n) ________________ explanation.

physiological
ontogenetic
evolutionary
functional

Which of the following would be a physiological explanation for why birds sing?

Testosterone causes the growth of certain brain areas which control singing in certain birds.
Birds sing due to instinct.
Birds sing because they hear their song early in life and form a template which controls later singing.
Birds sing to defend territories and attract mates.

Which of the following provides particularly strong evidence that brain activity controls behavior and at least certain aspects of experience?

studies using electrical stimulation of the brain
comparisons of behavior between humans and insects
observations of similarities of behavior between one human culture and another
philosophical consideration of the mind-body problem

Which of the following is NOT a reason that biological psychologists study animals?

Animal's brains and behavior are usually identical to humans.
Animals are often easier to study than humans.
Biological psychologists are often simply interested in the animals themselves.
There are fewer legal and ethical problems to be concerned about when using animals subjects.

Some species of sandpipers have calls that are more similar to each other than to other species of sandpipers. Your text suggests this resemblance implies similarity in

geographic region.
physical environment.
evolutionary background.
diet.

One important physiological difference between songbirds and other birds is

the size of two areas of the brain in the hyperstriatum and the archistriatum.
the development of the central tissue of larynx.
the overall lung capacity of the birds.
the density of the anterior commissures within the corpus callosum connecting the two hemispheres of the brain.

Which of the following birds would be most likely to sing?

an adult female songbird during the spring
a young male songbird during the summer
an adult male songbird during the spring
a male songbird, regardless of age, during the late summer or early fall

Enter your library ID & surname (eg: P9523954 Smith) in left hand box, multiple choice question password in right hand box (given to you by module leader), then press SEND.